MECHANICAL DESIGN TOOLS

Eurocode footbridge design

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Footbridge as an access for passenger to step in floating dock are need to consider its strength and integrity so can accomodate any potential unsafe situation that would happend for example in peak season when passengger are overloaded has to be considered in design. 
Below pict. Are General arrangement for floating dock service with preliminary bridge design. The bridge are flexible mounted so can be follow vertical movement of pontoon as tidal effect, there are other structure that holding pontoon to prevent horizontal movement. 
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWd6lohRhJGxEHtyj8gT-V2pu9kAkVMcSICw-Ryqk9FGKzcbv6glHTFToCAe4sc9HBWlv_R66-PcXt4FSp4l-FZ9S7hswmKPX3Q9Li95wyesjtS7D15hK9WHV8dHl3fhTQQskm5Dpuz1k/s1600-h/image%25255B8%25255D.png"><img alt="image" border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbb5SCtZK1gDrKhdIBqIg4qrvB8o3vS4KG71DH8LRcq2np2x1oBpPjdLvjhXzHdxI0RS9yvyE0lkiM7srK8zQmQsJa9j2uYLvGHYoV-8tfBi6A49pdgyIuFV08NFQTrnqhtxlhbbYU9ZI/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="image" width="299" /></a> 
 
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As per project spec, the bridge consist of aluminium framebase structure with steel handrailing also several condition need to be fullfilled. 
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<ol>
<li>The bridge are assembled from two structure with hinge connection for mobility reason</li>
<li>Total bridge weight not more than 1Ton since the availabe winch at site has SWL 1Ton for bridge lifting purpose.</li>
<li>Design optimization only allowed at framebase section.</li>
</ol>
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</div>
</div>
Bridge modeling : 
The bridge are modeled in 3D space structure. 
<blockquote>
Bridge Section 1                                                                                        Bridge Section 2</blockquote>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6vL73Jjngvuf3-1-R23W0Sz2pkX1J8GknO5t1juFQsTWBjrfREGPc86tHuV9uaqF0nYTyhKlcYuT1_KXLLewvseCkp4iAc1sFBzsTagcg96IALbsnCcxVf4-pXUeNcQIl_aDhHfz37ME/s1600-h/clip_image004%25255B6%25255D.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="clip_image004" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1oFDgESszs-XlbnVuGgBJv2xqxLofVSd3D8Dn_Pvw2f9r2R1eMyV3J-e5XX-JAyx-grlSjtPGH7T7TVUiZWVXtTMC4Qnv0F8TXcryTKzpjzTR5AJu06pYNklZY_5W9Ohl2wcOiGOwesQ/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="clip_image004" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicPGniUwdSCnLvZ8dnsINciVPqLCsxAPDZXh4ES-sZUR55QoX5Uq5xQjHIcvyHMbfHnVKSbRSSeVsWmmuURxO94TX9IPyg4GHMjxvHpPgEPRq-r7Dzi99bfnmobuTL3vPdj3TL_LpFip0/s1600-h/clip_image002%25255B20%25255D.jpg"><img alt="clip_image002" border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoE6tgriGPjTe4nIFeNs_hG4atvgZuiCZ78Bi563mHtrjexa0Hr9xt5t7EHgIyYzQrPjZp0IVBccgEyUT-7skj0Bd9UayQN1t4lIChp9J1v6uSH8m-B4U0a2-rd6X4NiaiKSu0khZO5IU/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="clip_image002" width="204" /></a> 
<blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR9ofzkimZQa6Q7ph03tUFWZW1Ct_E2ZzecJh6QiJ1pYaDL8mL-SwB8vuLMJGQbe99BICeYgMoq59JQUqxbBnYV9b0kpo9daUTVJ5umsUAPOfKvAPxLk5AFcQjAAfs9TamBnfe3sswG4I/s1600-h/image%25255B11%25255D.png"><img alt="image" border="0" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiguYtlm6KW0JXivEGBF7Fb2wZ5E_sh1G8EgXm3bsFfqm71ZqwqbGNAyKGOhdRVTleyktOHFDnRg0dWCIxp7bZbla1pJq0gcrsxgbedfCSbJwMpSnf5isYIHiGKMKy1Su-nLz57fmRFsaY/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="image" width="400" /></a></div>
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<blockquote>
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Bridge Assembly</div>
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Update general arrangement by applying new design structure: 
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS6gXcgJcvvoJpGW3ekkDqyO2FGillxFHtsljdZsD-Oc-dg8rLg5i0CxT6j6RijF4nw6q3iLYADhL90vtw7wE9orwtwxDDKND6T7-GukwMZ7rcpZINL440r-Y9eoWuu6PcU08KQbmpCMg/s1600-h/image%25255B12%25255D.png"><img alt="image" border="0" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1ydhGU3-TKJlEefzqGxJXEiUc6TEWPh6Coqd1b9yAoNYl7ruUiObzPjHZCJpQ4rE1VQFEMc1MePU8WmAWdjj8aImidFu5Yn1JkuiePHcXgjaWFxj_oudehnOqa-Aj4ozT8XhAwKFbY6w/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="image" width="296" /></a> 
Note: There are possibility colliding between bridge frame structure with pontoon handrail. 
Structure size and weight: 
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgsrce0r6ToMgUsu5MZ6B9n9ba7DveR0SYt0zAmmvvJWMvgZKv16KY2zqpPk0Y_2Ymfff6U1h7sucOsqzPBWufQaok0BvuH7FZ5oH1828KkEeaawmylJwGp7yXvP1S8h4UwVDYXOH58Ko/s1600-h/image%25255B163%25255D.png"><img alt="image" border="0" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3LMbS_Cm2zPfq8zDwB2aUYCC4xJufGFzUjqQZWijVtqQ1JFrfnjtLs78AHxd33O9ThV4dnY_54eOvciFySXdltZ9p1UqNSHctB3Odje8pXDtFkZvA7sYikwhbXA_MnSNHwgz0ff9WhU/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="image" width="404" /></a> 
Bridge portion at quay use wheel support and hinge connected to pontoon walkway 
PICT.3 
Bridge hinge for this model assume as fix node and the other have release nodes behaviour at splice area. 
PICT.4 
There are several bridge code that can be use as guidance but eurocode has more conservatife approach for public fasilities related with safety service. The design parameter refer to eurocode are below: 
Applied load : 
1. Selfweight of bridge structure 
2. Trafic load (See EN 1991-2 Part. 5) 
- Uniform distributed load 5 kN/m2 applied perpendicular to floor surface 
3. Wind load (See EN 1991-1-4) 
- With site data for wind are: 
<ul>
<li>Air Density (r) = 1.25 kg/m3 </li>
<li>Wind Velocity (Vb) = 10.3 m/s </li>
</ul>
- Calculated wind force : 
<ul>
<li>Peak velocity pressure (q(z)) = 0.16 kN/m2 </li>
<li>Wind force at direction (Fw,i) : <ul>
<li>Perpendicular to the bridge = 1.14 kN </li>
<li>Paralel to the bridge = 0.94 kN </li>
<li>Vertical direction = 0.28 kN </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
Load combination : 
Load combination will refer to EN 1990 with using Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Service Limit State (SLS), since only wind that considered as environmental load so load factor can be simplified as per below: 
<blockquote>
1. Service Limit State</blockquote>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWVHHZzAjpq3BB5hw4ZQMcwq2YlVbLC_nJadeR6S7IeYoR9_pInpF-6XX8LqQ_PqW6SGWeJr8LmACuopeK8MP8Fho_xdpEM0XMIXznGhPx70SYEdAW9LXqGAxho3pzNjc2eg7pqJFLWGs/s1600-h/clip_image008%25255B3%25255D.jpg"><img alt="clip_image008" border="0" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTfmZSqBnOoePB_ZCp5nGCRljZ04t_3aZFoIf6BulHNad22rZ2BnOI1Q_ybNTlQJZaS19nxsDUBq29_5J3JLmvwgakh-BPt5vIfnjX7m5_dYnydnyHnn4qfVxxtMyBnU6c8qBSZ0VSDMg/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="clip_image008" width="244" /></a> 
<blockquote>
2. Ultimate Limit state</blockquote>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgTNLIV7Td77V7H4KwdiooIixy4T3zZT-lxsbEvrn7kbIxwaNCL_efI3gecYXr_h2bsjaA_m8CrAE61YO3dDPCSofX6V2mb0huTT0-M_3mchtnN6QdHkRCCVr_uK1myq81qQPiBlkFrfA/s1600-h/clip_image010%25255B3%25255D.gif"><img alt="clip_image010" border="0" height="66" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghXKyOEURXgaisnnNs8n9k9rX88x3UC0IyDIHRE4Nk3LI288NMk1p6K9XUJ5geMYCoQ92ZVfl9mab2wvrN-Lz1BUbIQOTJ-Dm0SvjG7A2kEyZmYwF-qwDdEWdkbCt7ZuADsTdoM4cvEK0/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="clip_image010" width="244" /></a> 
Acceptance criteria : 
1. Stress material 
For material propertied for aluminium structure refer to EN 1999 
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 400px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="178">- Material</td> <td valign="top" width="11">:</td> <td valign="top" width="106">AL 6061 T6</td> <td valign="top" width="103"></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="178">- Density</td> <td valign="top" width="11">:</td> <td valign="top" width="106">2712.6</td> <td valign="top" width="103">kg/m3</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="178">- Yield Strength (fy)</td> <td valign="top" width="11">:</td> <td valign="top" width="106">240</td> <td valign="top" width="103">Mpa</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="178">- Ultimate Strength (fu)</td> <td valign="top" width="11">:</td> <td valign="top" width="106">290</td> <td valign="top" width="103">Mpa</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="178">- Modulus of elasticity (E)</td> <td valign="top" width="11">:</td> <td valign="top" width="106">68900</td> <td valign="top" width="103">Mpa</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="178">- Shear Modulus (G)</td> <td valign="top" width="11">:</td> <td valign="top" width="106">26000</td> <td valign="top" width="103">Mpa</td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="178">- Poisson’s Ratio</td> <td valign="top" width="11">:</td> <td valign="top" width="106">0.33</td> <td valign="top" width="103"></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
 
Permissible stress for tension, compression and bending members: 
<blockquote>
sperm = fy/ym = 240 Mpa</blockquote>
Permissible shear stress : 
<blockquote>
tperm = fy/(ymxÖ3) = 139 Mpa</blockquote>
Where : 
<blockquote>
fy= Yield stress of material</blockquote>
<blockquote>
ym= material factor = 1.0</blockquote>
2. Deflection 
With refference to EN 1990-Annex A1.4 limits for vertical deflections according to figure A1.1 should be specified for each project and agreed with the client. Due to no specified maximum vertical deflection by client, maximum vertical deflection in SLS cases in the middle of bridge span assumed as L/250 = 9500mm/250 = 38mm 
 
3. Frequency 
With assumption: 
1. No horizontal force acting on the brige because of pontoon movement 
2. Analysis structural in frame-base, the handrail and any other appurtenance only contribute self-weight loading. 
 
Analysis result : 
1. Max stress generated at ULS cases are 137.2 Mpa at L.C 1.2 still below permissible 
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGr0cAtKFT_P4Gw19WHh3T3W35aeZGEERtmbVN0K-nBPqV61ifDYuUqCa1ZeKlxlLqQdVajojb7xzKjN1DKpZyMImFMK5DHVJwLLCeKbyJhDzIqDFKkjiURhL6GFSoK5Xmx_D_z_J9tdM/s1600-h/image%25255B212%25255D.png"><img alt="image" border="0" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3_Cb_CI8RxG-Kne__1pYiDmjh7f5_aiXAWh6NOme9u0MEvoCX8NWL3hyphenhyphenA7LOA7HEB9RmCBYWVDHAL5HX7eTZ1Yc5dedvEbeM-aGHSVdfQ8xglgz3WrK004ECeNJpRR-ytoQwgm2IXAxE/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="image" width="304" /></a> 
2. Max deflection at SLS cases are 16.7mm at L.C 1.2 still below allowable deflection limit 
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6PLgoZmt8NfeOfx4VN56XsfLo9EGWig-BW9zFnzXw2Y9toGVle2iq3sm1TSyFuOukv6Q_BbqXnPmg_FaKWEz0ZwB8goNcD1DYJtJ2W6edH6eumvMmpY2FKG7dNFOFuADJZH1u-msj0Zs/s1600-h/image%25255B216%25255D.png"><img alt="image" border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW_A1FXSVoLYjxfUfAuCqiLJrZ6aHTKWelgywnG5OeLN3OTGjSXxFSD2tZOGBLZoosqIElAc-jmLqmTIscZQqE5alrbLwrrW8JPF1ylr3x3bJYESerHetlbKHdwWRJgHFkhN1-YdlpZt4/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="image" width="304" /></a> 
3. Frequency at mode shape 1 is 2.97 hz still in alowable limit 
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN8chZvSwA0aiSSpNATDiL5N2p1Xyj95Kvzt6Cd8kFRKLR6orHk-ZLH8sIThClJMmVYKWdIVfHrKXyVcvZQIxH1EnMyYNwx53cX8iae8vEr1v2U9IKmU6lmwIYxbrxFr7t0U5sangxODM/s1600-h/image%25255B220%25255D.png"><img alt="image" border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSTzT-U15d98BwqtQScY3HCCKovA9W4Qte8VZMOdJCpaAZgQtTCfJM33o_2IRmr8bEbbXmr-BxKmgyk3m9DDQdG9w-xQTKkJ7bl1wfBmAn08jFexKnj8Z88bhUKox42hN2mXG_QAGp6Ig/?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin: 0px auto 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="image" width="304" /></a> 
New foot-bridge structure design comply with Eurocode

Eurocode footbridge design

Footbridge as an access for passenger to step in floating dock are need to consider its strength and integrity so can accomodate any potent...

Design from scratch

Mostly in my blog are about design software but now I’ll be discuss “how to design from scratch”, start from design purpose until become drawing that ready to machining or prototyping stage of course still involve software as a tool. For example I made some simple gearbox as our case. I will explain stage by stage in design: 1. Design purpose Before starts everything we need to know what kind of design purpose or a case that become our target, in this example I’ll make a gearbox with input by motor 1800rpm, but I expect three option output 900, 1800 and 3600rpm so I could use it in more wide range ability from my motor. 2. Layout concept Now begin to planning gearbox layout, but before that I’ve to choose standard component that available in the market, the most clearly part that needed are motor. I start with baldor motor 3hp 1800rpm (you can googling for available catalogue) that has detail frame dimension so this is our first guide to decide required space or dimension for gearbox. As you know for common gearbox are consist of components that need to be designed such as Gear, Shaft, keys, Casing, Speed transmission also don’t forget other peripheral like bearing, screw, cap, rubber seal that will affect in overall design dimension. 
 
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 3. Engineering calculation In this stage we will face the core of design it self, how to make rough component spec base on equation or mechanical rule such as gear ratio, transmitted torque, overall load in every speed option. The result is we have data’s that will become our guideline to choose the right material and dimension each component (minimum spec). 4. Engineering Criteria After runs for some calculation we can advance to choose what material that will be use and detail dimension with considering market availability, price, machining process, installation difficulties. Beside that our designs have to pass engineering criteria as perquisites to operate perfectly for example in gear are tooth strength and wear stress also in shaft have to pass moment and shear stress criteria. In this stage we have detail gear train as a core for gearbox design. 5. Peripherals component Other supporting component in our gearbox can follow previously designed component, price are become main issue here since this is not our main focus so you would consider to us as many as common part and standard part that will be helpful for replacement and reduce price too. Sometimes there are also custom part that need to be created but don’t forget common part’s rule so can cut some machining price and time. 6. Technical drawing Base on data in previous stage, we can start to make a technical drawing to translate our design so technician can follow what designer want, how precision the component is, how to assembly, what kind material that will be used. Of course don’t make mistake in adjusting tolerances or double dimension standard that will be confusing and become problem in assembling. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAwcEAquP2k6p6ZCYueefoDkrjVOyHyazaHre8MIIzAE1erYNxWJQAtC5xnyp_Iwc4fOu6pCkdBzcppUx_0z9pki7762dQ6JkXkbTWoVL4n4K2EjVZlh9ewKikKLzRgE0eHogAa9vr14g/s1600-h/clip_image002%5B1%5D.gif"><img alt="clip_image002" border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNate8IqPJ3qenfVEjhqv6I52_RrPwB6UtMgeB7YK_oo0j7ea8X2HSS0dTrnYrEuBI4vy3UNiG2hl-o153RZ0FVopdpK_OS5Kw_tSBN1f28X1e6zxbKp_r7Fk-l0kahASj_k175NxFfLg/?imgmax=800" style="border-top-width: 0px; display: block; border-left-width: 0px; float: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border-right-width: 0px" title="clip_image002" width="384"></a> After those stage are completed, now can be advance in machining component and prototyping to test whether our calculated design are appropriate or not, just remember above step are made by theoretical aspect especially for mechanical component (gear and shaft) since I’ve neglected the effect from vibration and heat generated by high speed mechanism that will contribute failure in operating condition so any improvement are still open to make final design base on actual operational condition from our product. There are several tips in engineering design: <ol> <li> <div align="justify">For designer, experience and strong engineering background become main issue to make good design so never stop learning new technologies. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Always keep price as our consideration and benefit for any designed component, this will give value add in our design. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Remember that our design doesn’t end in a drawing paper, this will be applied and produced by manufacturing process so always be aware about how to process the component. Don’t make difficult shape that impossible to make and giving another problem when assembly. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Give as clear as possible information in technical drawing and avoid redundant item so not confusing everybody that read our design. </div></li></ol> For technical drawing I use Pro-Engineer WILDFIRE 3 and collaborate with Vn4D for visualization, actually with Vn4D our analysis can be spread more wider from monitoring load and stress analysis in every component but I’m use it just for visualization purpose. <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xqb5aQyTAZ0" width="400"></iframe>   I also include presentation file and technical drawing for designed gearbox, this article are my thought about design engineering and base on my experience in my workplace (even though I’m not in design dept.) so maybe there some other opinion from experts in mechanical engineering design, I would be open minded to learn more. </div>

Design from scratch

Mostly in my blog are about design software but now I’ll be discuss “how to design from scratch”, start from design purpose until become dra...

Autodesk MoldFlow

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Software simulasi ini lebih dikenal para engineer yang berkecimpung dalam bidang molding terutama injeksi plastik baik desainer ataupun user dari molding itu sendiri, dalam aplikasinya software ini cukup banyak membantu dalam memperkirakan bagaimana produk hasil injeksi berdasarkan konstruksi molding maupun parameter injeksi yang diaplikasikan.</div>
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Dari sisi fungsi software ini sendiri dibagi menjadi dua :</div>
<div align="center">
AMA (Autodesk Moldflow Adviser) </div>
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Adviser memberikan analisa lengkap hasil injeksi berdasarkan struktur produk dan material yang digunakan misal untuk mengetahui area shortmold, pressure drop, filling time, dsb. Dimana informasi tersebut dapat digunakan mold desainer sebagai referensi untuk mendesain konstruksi molding begitu pula bagi seorang desainer produk plastik untuk melihat defect yang mungkin terjadi sehingga improvement dapat dilakukan dari konstruksi produk.</div>
<div class="fullpost">
<div align="center">
 AMI (Autodesk Moldflow Insight) </div>
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Setelah desainer sudah memiliki gambaran konstruksi molding seperti apa yang akan dibuat seperti posisi core-cavity-slider, insert, cooling, gate dsb. Selanjutnya tinggal mensimulasikan dengan Insight dimana versi ini dilengkapi dengan fasilitas basic desain mold plan seperti core plate, cavity plate, runner plate, cooling system, material molding dsb. Disamping itu bisa juga disimulasikan parameter injeksi yang akan dipakai seperti speed, pressure, V/P change, cooling time dan holding mengingat setiap mesin injeksi memiliki karakteristik sendiri dan kelebihannya lagi kita dapat membuat mesin virtual dimana karakteristiknya disesuaikan dengan kondisi actual mesin yang dipakai.</div>
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Jadi ketika seorang plastic engineer dihadapkan pada suatu desain part plastik yang pertama dilakukan adalah analisa part defect dengan AMA untuk menentukan improvement apa saja yang dapat dilakukan baik dari struktur molding yang akan dibuat atau desain part itu sendiri, kemudian simulasi dengan AMI untuk optimalisasi ketika didepan mesin injeksi.</div>
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Dari hasil simulasi Moldflow seorang plastik engineer dapat menentukan perbaikan apa saja yang bisa dilakukan sebelum suatu cetakan atau molding dibuat untuk menghasilkan produk seperti spesifikasi konsumen serta melihat cacat produk seperti apa yang mungkin terjadi dan apakah masih dalam level acceptable atau tidak.</div>
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Secara garis besar untuk mengasilkan produk yang baik adalah bagaimana lelehan material plastic dapat memenuhi rongga didalam mold dengan sempurna dengan density yang optimal tanpa mengabaikan life-time dari molding itu sendiri, tentu saja factor cost produksi seperti cycle-time juga menjadi pertimbangan tersendiri bagi designer tooling, beberapa factor tersebut dapat dijadikan variable constraint dalam software ini sebagai item optimasi.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibcw21uQBYwhXL7cFvmnQHbLdNppWir8bRJCXcwEgh_OYOFTNY1aoRLbiysG9Rm72AdE-YfyhrU0cGfJhQYorJ4ybObdOUG_VTu8LYxzPDBZWklYaoy8Nxn3zUHPh18H1vFWX9oJ1oyGU/s1600-h/view%5B8%5D.jpg"><img alt="view" border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSHPbBKB6HU3-HIVF6C_mBTfP9Smf7WHPQd9iRfE6xU9KhlKnm0BJ6YAxbiIOgK-su-Eia2LVr1u239eldXpeb7H_9j6cWFMDye_QOLQta_j_CqFExzWE_A67wYo_J8wWahLWbki-VOAQ/?imgmax=800" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="view" width="354" /></a> </div>
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Video dibawah ini adalah salah satu contoh output yang dihasilkan moldflow versi Adviser (AMA) untuk filling time.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/g-SpB6xXCnk" width="420"></iframe>
</div>
</div>

Autodesk MoldFlow

Software simulasi ini lebih dikenal para engineer yang berkecimpung dalam bidang molding terutama injeksi plastik baik desainer ataupun use...

Pro-Engineer WILDFIRE

<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0wWFS2vkeayiMiUK1OPzWH7KnWAyjmFL45w9PlRtBR1k-X1f6gGHx1dA1TWF8FG0aHF22a7OnMMBJL5kmUuoQQT6c-dKnejndAF9OLMnCIuHex5F7bD4JlaqDF8bVCAn7l8iSIC0joik/s1600-h/clip_image001%5B37%5D.gif"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFMPD5UuRbgGD62O4_odHZ6lswyEU3odaw3eX_bAvRIpwNPwpMGAH5kKI7q0XJAJTTebF3o6fetFgN9qMxrcAXvPo3NsIhXJDH4ghhzd-iizaO2rJEzFXA9bxRYqcQf5lla8DEYNYRh_g/s1600-h/clip_image001%5B39%5D.gif"><img alt="clip_image001" border="0" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrkefAGtjePHsyPZkLtcjBVK9piCjSpmIQq6oCqtCe_rjcgQWXTJFnjdH4PRz9h1z8lQKdPdos8GMF7X20nHj7cE97fkFhkO8sSecbDTQsgRZxHecq4kgPofU3EN0v7TwuE6V644mM_kY/?imgmax=800" style="border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px" title="clip_image001" width="400"></a> Pro-Engineer adalah software pemodelan 3D dan gambar teknik 2D untuk keperluan visualisasi desain sehingga dapat digunakan dalam analisa komputasi lanjut ataupun sebagai dasar manufaktur suatu produk, dengan tambahan berbagai macam fasilitas seperti sheet metal untuk desain press part, pemodelan permukaan, analisa mekanisme, animasi dan photorender tampilan grafis dan lain-lain. Konsep dasar modeling pada umumnya tidak jauh berbeda dengan software drawing lain, jadi apabila user memiliki interpretasi 3D model yang baik dan berpengalaman menggunakan software lain seperti autocad dapat cepat beradaptasi dengan perintah atupun operasi dalam software ini. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYFIV5vvcVtdMNZq6rUjnqOZTeqstdtxtZEtTmk3-ZiqOGCidEGuw8F-2v8Mpv5i0PL9y7zkuqdZB1OvnTHsl7njP5jwgPQ7Jw_rsGTHox5fGrnEvJSfhZUmUMUE0U7zCuskJ6N5bzLU4/s1600-h/clip_image003%5B1%5D%5B4%5D.gif"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOU-XUW3cGz1UtZ-dsItO8A6Zh7y_ekAfjbyIQSxAI2F4SoabWCViPNM3Pznc5FUygD3W7Tkck6BbeLLYaoDkNzvufVGKBcoN4L7NtD5iCvIEDVSCAw2G6GjnQozsY54he5ByuDOiNTm4/s1600-h/clip_image003%5B1%5D%5B5%5D.gif"><img alt="clip_image003[1]" border="0" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsB0YApdKwF1ENp1jRKxxaNuDo00ERy38E1C1CTGYlpvAXf3OdSPfhD6ywU52B4FZ_GzZwRkZoSsfsWSzc4bq2E5siI31kBrBychsKx2SJj_oJYeygKBPecXfK92rTX3jZK5eB4duuBOY/?imgmax=800" style="border-top-width: 0px; display: inline; border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px" title="clip_image003[1]" width="404"></a> <div class="fullpost">Adapun sifat pemodelan dalam software ini adalah: 1. Feature-based modeling Kosep dasar pemodelan Pro-Engineer adalah “Suatu model tersusun atas feature”, dimana feature merupakan operasi 3D seperti extrude, revolve, hole, chamfer, round, draft, dsb. Sebagai pembuat model suatu produk yang nantinya digunakan sebagai panduan proses manufaktur atau machining, masing-masing feature penyusun model yang dihasilkan software ini harus dibuat dari suatu acuan atau datum. 2. Associative Output dari software ini dikategorikan sebagai part, assembly dan file drawing, dimana perubahan didalam part akan langsung terimplementasikan dalam assembly dan drawing 2D (gambar teknik) 3. Parametric Masing-masing feature saling berhubungan satu sama lain dan dapat di-edit secara independen, perubahan dari suatu feature akan mempengaruhi feature yang lain dimana hubungan ini dikenal sebagai parent/child Untuk memudahkan pemahaman mengenai output serta hirarki file bisa dilihat pada diagram dibawah ini. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvp3inpi4rM4qGDWLFfXyEWgh9eg_EIXRoFJN2YALj1BGi7fr0dYTJZvQ3rNarBXUZbaZcnl0Zvtzu3uONQCc0rfb9TWrPAIkQZYt1utVA8fnjRpEyYhGtmQmXFkimd4TBx3DMas89dOE/s1600-h/clip_image004%5B5%5D.gif"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwiA6uBquOhIp9YYPytpd2_9HBeXz0xqpvzEuFDCu0JGvOjGwJZb17-r4a19eFbcoYjv5eX5KtLJJlFcIXiRciwSusvDZldYv-LWRXHyZnhcUud2WCi05aNl2btLj7DlM1XTnYGWETzLE/s1600-h/clip_image004%5B9%5D.gif"><img alt="clip_image004" border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdyyrapDSwR3RsfVp09eYYQtLXwMHuhTnv2T14KTbJSOYiatkPNx9cp_5PKMOwGntLWZd8Pe5R-nuDu-AtbjESa1JA0ImCp6dnlnaORNzAgP6xTfNY26uGYHeVqNj-pC95e440_aAlKWM/?imgmax=800" style="border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px" title="clip_image004" width="404"></a> Dari sifat-sifat diatas dapat disimpulkan untuk menghindari permasalahan dalam pemodelan 3D dibutuhkan kemampuan desainer yang cukup dalam pemahaman proses manufaktur terutama urutan proses pembuatan suatu produk, hal ini dikarenakan setiap feature yang dibuat memiliki acuan atau datum tersendiri. Konflik operasi 3D seringkali terjadi ketika mengedit perintah atau menambahkan feature didalam suatu model yang telah dibangun, disini jam terbang dari user benar-benar teruji mengenai apa yang harus dilakukan untuk menghadapi masalah ini, apakah membuat model dari awal atau menyesuaikan parameter feature baru sehingga sesuai dengan model utama yang dibangun. Berikut ini adalah interface atau tampilan software yang perlu dipahami oleh user sebelum melangkah dalam pemodelan. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0rcyvsUCuv53F1pZWrKQlv5dAYClP1Q2_KHKs8SYUdoH-O_7CuzkagFBRTEElIO3qYo3ibtAI1-BCRsqPf9VLguQzZEYXJ4ENW3QqphjJcjFKzBTGEGoCaO_yW8f88yFuEh0zB0lEv-M/s1600-h/clip_image006%5B4%5D.gif"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCgO0193v-lh0Xwaw8ZSwinnmg8lZXC10kzIDc-EeWf19jHUIXH1ANyKGQ9bmNncyDvR64tesekISDF3ZdYuFfW4XV0mXxw-Nlt_H0594BqJpNojc695_i-3PrZ-cuSJKJm81fM03TPco/s1600-h/clip_image006%5B14%5D.gif"><img alt="clip_image006" border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyrkXHG1Vhx8ayLQcJwxGBl9jLC3nrgsTfFqOTQvLjL0WS7zDiOw3k8EbpkcWpq9q2tBD6XrX_fsOjbI8Tsi_tIO3IsLMYa8wBoUW7Ui_0mhTH7znjN8pC5UIvQlWnZRqqwTEzY98UzSM/?imgmax=800" style="border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px" title="clip_image006" width="404"></a> Navigation tab: Di jendela ini dapat dipilih bagian apa yang ingin diproses oleh user apakah browsing file dalam komputer, daftar feature yang bisa diedit ataupun tampilan dari model dengan aktif atau non aktif-kan daftar layer yang ada. Browser control: Untuk langsung terkoneksi dengan internet dan mendpatkan informasi mengenai update, bantuan online serta produk baru dari website PTC, dapat juga untuk operasi offline seperti browsing file kerja dsb. Main Toolbar: Seperti software windows pada umumnya juga tersedia toolbar yang berisi fasilitas dasar seperti copy, paste, refresh, perintah view, dsb. serta dapat diatur tool apa saja yang ditampilkan sesuai dengan keinginan user. Feature creation toolbar: Disini akan ditampilkan perintah apa saja yang bisa dilakukan dalam modus Pro-Eng yang sedang aktif, dimana isi dari toolbar ini berbeda antara modus standard 3D dengan sheet metal ataupun mechanica. Dashboard: Merupakan parameter apa saja yang perlu dimasukkan oleh user untuk membentuk feature yang dikehendaki. Sebagaimana kita ketahui sebelumnya bahwa selain sebagai software modeling juga dilengkapi dengan beberapa fasilitas ataupun kemampuan analisa lain dalam Pro-Engineer versi Wildfire seperti mechanica (<a href="http://fajaryannu.blogspot.com/2009/06/static-vs-dynamic-finite-element_21.html">Static FEA</a>), sheet metal design, mechanism akan dibahas pada posting berikutnya. </div>

Pro-Engineer WILDFIRE

Pro-Engineer adalah software pemodelan 3D dan gambar teknik 2D untuk keperluan visualisasi desain sehingga dapat digunakan dalam analisa k...

Static Vs Dynamic Finite Element Analysis

A simulation called dynamic when some of parameter are variably in line with time alteration or can be said time based simulation. For example box positions in <a href="http://fajaryannu.blogspot.com/2009/06/dynamic-system-simulation.html">dynamic motion simulation</a> post, are categorized as time based simulation because its change collateral with time increases. If your simulation are contains displacement, velocity, acceleration or any variable that depend on time so it’s your dynamic simulation. How about Finite Element Analysis, what kind of FEA simulation are categories as dynamic? For example in Stress simulations post, are categorized as static FEA since no time based variable are involve, how about the video that obviously shows stress vary with time? No, its only animation with using load factor and there are no stress output data generated by Msc.Visual Nastran 4D that depend of time. The main distinction parameters to grouping our analysis in static or dynamic field are equivalent stress with von misses theory (svm): <div class="fullpost"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdK4vTidvMSNOQzdZ1HFyBX0V5QpOEreR41XfcKf4csOBPBSpJ8xASPW-Y03Ia7IldPaCI1MhQbUGYeXGmt-jUdIDkvUGKNV02zPPmvY9CqAiA1fwjx7LmzHMMKgU6xyfIc6GQFA-puBs/s1600-h/clip_image004%5B8%5D.gif"><img alt="clip_image004" border="0" fix="fixed" height="45" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2H-kMEOgPSr8_pLYUzeBbN0XDZvcm9LyPGV5d8l0TiXicbP0RMHz2hMUlRMk5rpFdJM32M2uPJpS6hhbqZ7foZzZNMRPcaTtRyNJt5v7uachlM-UslfjPqZYyGHyOpMKnzNMQiznSug/?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: inline;" title="clip_image004" width="372" /></a> Remark: <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8O7SlV5353S1J0FJ0dZz1LTfIBr5RouheHdAGaf01x6n_iqxopowfRnCTVKp90PwTgTISvT-WD9VFLXDy8QC_qPJuhDNIrp6t1xB6k0khg49FvAYg16AJ_yMDTDMM1xSVMWngQ0D5CpI/?imgmax=800"><img alt="clip_image006" border="0" fix="fixed" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPsZLROWBAzcDxYMrLP15ZJ3IqtrgWsp1Nmh0WsIOzAIF8zkm2uNe2m_aJQQEqKSwm50v9T3tpt7kF_1v9uMxx9PutzNN8Wqyw06YPxGa8EZRorWzUWQlZFi7GvHCylKbiw4z4hGWuzCk/?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: inline;" title="clip_image006" width="175" /></a> To gain comprehension and knows the different more clearly to identify a Finite Element Analysis category, I will explain each below: STATIC FEA Finite Element Analysis described as static if meet the condition where yield strength of material are greater than generated stress (svm≤syield), as an effect for exposing external load in object or model. So if we said our visual display consist of frame by frame in proportion with time, any deformation or shape transformation as calculation result that performed previous frame are neglected in the next frame so our model assume recover instantly or never been receive any load before, this assumption are applied because stress works in elastic area of material or usually known as small deformation analysis. This static FEA regularly used to verify whether current design meet infinite life time work condition or not ,of course combining the stress calculation result with theory of failure that include safety factor in it. DYNAMIC FEA In contrary, if generated stresses from external load are passing yield strength so your simulations are categorized as dynamic FEA (svm>syield). Deformation or change shape in analyzed model because of exposed load aren’t neglected so continuously effect especially shape transformation are considerate as calculation variable for next frame depend on time range that decided by user, its known also as Large deformation analysis These methods are useful to see behavior of our model when work in over load condition, such as collision analysis, crack propagation and etc. In picture below I made some example a loaded bar tip and hold fix in the other end with frame by frame overview <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivX-90MtU7sq6Tt2Od_ZuPksjCGdkWV4CxPrJ-OYwTmApRzvy-9f0HFCAwi0EPja3ZhrTPI9TGA4sYpSSo3xcwZEpZf4YDqnU_jMd33Oc6_bMTB7vqtnS7HDIVFD3gx2wubkrSvdAdbiQ/s1600-h/clip_image012%5B7%5D.jpg"><img alt="clip_image012" border="0" fix="fixed" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2hp1WXyKXpRAhTUVoOJeO_5diEVvH4XUsKt2FR9at096dzhNfr6ik25cXFyezLDud4cZdXrpDoTw87q7UOgavvBom0urjb8DtLVKrnKtvPUem9xdqZ4PU-dgeuXAgOMqRdL4p5I-tw54/?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="clip_image012" width="373" /></a> To decide whether our FEA are static or dynamic can be easily recognize by using Stress-Strain Diagram, in which area they perform analysis <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqrvYijhNrzA0cikKLe6o6jykwasVzDVvIFcZiw1h7f0C_cpx-cR3x3Imj7wLO1mnkpzNVtXH4VRmbXwgKKnVYACOCGLvmlMPxUDfo7UOhvPt9WJWo5Ae2HLZ1eC3ryF4AGWkrsH7pXaU/s1600-h/clip_image014%5B5%5D.jpg"><img alt="clip_image014" border="0" fix="fixed" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrt0Gvnd7yYKf1Q1ezEltgh3uESCN6EtwSb75_iksWJRNGKiusK-u8v6GxQJRu8uAaRfotnHC_3_XKnHZtna9JozwwBN3cBLstvpVYF7vV8U83D7-2HU4tcQvwU7LSIyj5dQEkotJWA-E/?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="clip_image014" width="297" /></a> In some mechanical engineer literature, "Static FEA" also mention as "Linear Static FEA" since linear slope in elastic area base on above diagram. In Vn4D we can collaborated both Motion and Finite Element Analysis in a single simulation environment of course with condition that calculated FEA have to meet linear static FEA requirement, if doesn’t, it will shows error message that says the calculated result doesn’t pass the validation test. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHjg2adRBvdXSmyscI25feq90LEvNHgEN1dzDrMct8oY-2RQ0v3lecvns4KbRnv-4mUwgun1JQKVTpG1LlW1z7Lx25Frgzqat4XplCDpc33lISX9bNho_yEpGmTQl9nzMLK_0GrDbbtI4/s1600-h/clip_image015%5B6%5D.jpg"><img alt="clip_image015" border="0" fix="fixed" height="94" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9rl7-ZcX2nlcJzfKjClVV4y7Vw0s9KRLbo307Srk3VN3KB_1LZrfg5hjBjKO9XNzekUXyLFLcu1cH-aXy-eMVU_iiZiXh0a6SL6tpzjKcGErw_V6YzAbgyNLJWnMfBYPP6FWnaq34Hpk/?imgmax=800" style="border-width: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="clip_image015" width="376" /></a> Now we know that Finite Element Analysis also divides in two categories, If linear static FEA can be handled by Msc.Visual Nastran 4D (Vn4D) so how about dynamic FEA? I will explain how to perform Dynamic FEA with software ANSYS-LS DYNA in other post. </div>

Static Vs Dynamic Finite Element Analysis

A simulation called dynamic when some of parameter are variably in line with time alteration or can be said time based simulation. For examp...

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Autodesk MoldFlow

Pro-Engineer WILDFIRE

Static Vs Dynamic Finite Element Analysis

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